Tuesday, January 25, 2022

Pakistan is going to launch two new Electric Vehicles.

  The all-electric powered business transport marketplace witnessed a brand new entrant the day gone by as Sitara Group, in partnership with GUGU Motors, found out  Electric Vans (EVs) for the Pakistani market. One of the vehicles is a Sokon Ruichi Tourer 250 passenger van, even as the alternative one is the Ruichi Maximus 250 cargo van.


Both vehicles are powered by way of a single electric powered motor and a forty two kWh battery p.C. Generating 80 horsepower and 2 hundred Newton-meters of torque that is enough for a industrial van. The Tourer 250 can seat twelve humans which include the driving force, even as the Maximus 250 has a shipment space of up to a hundred and eighty cubic ft and can haul over 1000 kilograms of cargo.


Both EVs are properly equipped, featuring centers inclusive of speedy and slow charging capability, twin-zone air-conditioning, regenerative braking, parking sensors, a clever system, and a 7 kW onboard AC charger. The Tourer 250 has a claimed maximum range of three hundred kilometers at the same time as the Maximus 250 has a maximum range of 250 kilometers whilst fully loaded.


GUGU Motors is a subsidiary of Tesla Industries. Not to be pressured with Elon Musk’s Tesla Inc.— Tesla Industries is a Pakistan-based electronics organization that offers renewable power-based totally solutions to public and private sector customers.

CEO of Sitara Group — the discern business enterprise of Tesla Industries and GUGU Motors — said that the company is presently uploading the EVs from China to kick-off neighborhood operations, however will probably start local assembly of the EVs next year. He added that Tesla Industries currently has the most important EV charging infrastructure that could support the brand new EVs throughout Pakistan.


The info aren't but regarded approximately the expenses and release date of the EVs. However, market speculations endorse that the launch is in all likelihood to occur in some weeks at a beginning charge of approximately Rs. 5.Three million.


Due to the issues about the EV protection and charging infrastructure, the Ruichi EVs are not in all likelihood to grow to be a not unusual sight on Pakistani roads each time quickly. However, these EVs have super ability for popularity, and their normalization could result in a first-rate wonderful exchange inside the environment.

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Thursday, January 20, 2022

Pakistan's airstrikes painting

Best painting of dogfight, Pakistan vs India result abhinandan captured.


 

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Wednesday, January 19, 2022

Art and painting


Painting  

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COVID-19 in Afghanistan

 The political and navy develop of the Taliban, reduced healthcare ability, and approaching humanitarian disaster threat exacerbating an already very severe hazard posed via COVID-19 in Afghanistan. The persevered upward push of COVID-19 instances in Afghanistan seems inevitable, however bad diagnostic capability prevents correct case measurement, at the same time as vaccine provision is extremely constrained. This letter highlights how the recent adjustments in Afghanistan threat exacerbating the COVID-19 and ongoing health emergency inside the united states of america

Commentary:

COVID-19 is certainly one of many crises facing Afghanistan. Over the previous few a long time, wars and inner strife have located Afghanistan’s public infrastructure in jeopardy. Since the announced withdrawal of US and NATO troops from Afghanistan, the u . S . A .’s scenario has grow to be a humanitarian crisis [1]. The Taliban have now won entire manage over the country, but face managing mass inner and outside displacement of Afghan civilians, economic inflation and humanitarian concerns [2].

These volatile circumstances are happening within the context of a tremendous increase in COVID-19 cases as part of a third wave of the pandemic in Afghanistan, specifically from the Delta variation with 60 % of instances pronounced from Kabul in June from this variant. Now all 34 provinces have declared a COVID-19 situation much like India’s state of affairs [3]. On June sixteen, the highest report of two,313 instances were stated in sooner or later, and in July the united states of america stated a forty eight % positivity charge [4]. As of Sept 6 2021, 153,534 COVID-19 positive cases have been pronounced, of whom 7,141 died [5]. However, the indicated numbers are not accurate because of the u . S .’s low trying out potential with handiest 664,0.5 tests administered for a populace of forty.4 million, the absence of a national death register, and vulnerable infrastructure with simplest 35 laboratories throughout the country (with a few provinces having no laboratories) [4]. Current each day trying out ability is handiest four,000 and plans to scale up checking out potential to eight,500 checks an afternoon are actually uncertain below the brand new Taliban regime. The repercussions of this were drastic for healthcare capacity: mattress shortages, lack of oxygen, and low vaccination capability have raised strain on hospitals [6, 7]. Despite tries to increase inside the range of beds in Kabul, the ability price remains near a hundred %. In addition, a discounted range of healthcare employees (HCWs) is every other situation; there are simplest 9.4 HCWs and 1.Nine physicians consistent with 10,000 human beings [8].
Beyond HCWs burnout, lack of schooling in COVID-19 preparedness and defensive equipment is some other challenge. Due to lack of private protective gadget, 70 HCWs in Kunduz Regional Hospital tested effective for COVID-19 in 2020 [9]. The United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) reports attacks on HCWs, which have jumped from 65 to 2018 to seventy five incidents in 2019 and are projected to be higher with modern-day conditions [8]. Even previous to the pandemic, hospitals had been a goal for political violence, consisting of a hundred and forty healthcare centers that had been forcefully closed in 2018 and the attack on a 55-bed authorities-run maternity clinic in May 2020 [9].

Furthermore, most of the populace lives in rural areas, which brings geographical issues for addressing the pandemic. Healthcare get entry to and security are low in such regions because of loss of provision of general healthcare services [10]. With an unstable political situation, mass migration from rural areas to Kabul, and underlying socioeconomic challenges, supplying even minimum fitness care get admission to has grow to be almost not possible.

Vaccine insurance stays very low. Vaccine hesitancy isn't always the number one trouble, as an alternative it is ok supply and administration of vaccines. A survey performed by means of Arash et al. Suggests that sixty three % of participants are inclined to receive the vaccine [11]. Afghanistan has acquired 3,068,000 doses of COVID-19 vaccines and was expected to acquire 2,192,000 extra doses in the imminent month, and america had promised 1,four hundred,000 million doses [4]. However, such efforts had been halted because of Taliban insurgency. These shortcomings, coupled with recent droughts, food shortages, lack of adequate drug supply, unmet funding requirements to combat the pandemic, and black fungus cases, have exacerbated the usa’s public health problems [3, 6, 7, 12].

Additionally, the mental health desires will similarly increase because of the political, humanitarian and COVID-19 crises. An envisioned half the populace has dealt with melancholy, tension, or post-disturbing stress [13], and inter-generational trauma is in all likelihood to further boom destiny desires. The withdrawal of US and NATO troops has raised many extra questions for Afghanistan’s protection, particularly for the rights and freedoms of women [14]. However, investment and assets for mental fitness remain woefully insufficient in Afghanistan [9, 12].
  For the betterment of the state of affairs, the following tips must be put forth into movement. First, humanitarian organizations should be allowed to maintain their humanitarian work no matter modern-day circumstances. Their paintings is critical to addressing the recent humanitarian disaster. Negotiations between the international network and the Taliban are essential to make certain the fitness and safety of Afghans and humanitarian people. Second, worldwide allies need to feature pressure on the Taliban to make sure human rights are not violated, training is still to be had for both males and females, woman healthcare workers should hold their paintings without any risk, get right of entry to to fitness services have to be confident, and a countrywide method created to control the pandemic and promise the safety of Afghan civilians. Third, the international community need to hold to aid the healthcare device, in particular with vaccine supply, defensive non-public equipment, checking out ability, scientific device and economic support for HCWs.

Conclusions:

At this vital juncture, COVID-19 poses a major chance to the human beings of Afghanistan in the context of political instability, humanitarian crises and a fragile health gadget. This creates a complex trajectory for aiding a state still recovering from the consequences of four many years of war before the pandemic. Moreover, concentrated on healthcare employees coupled with burnout and mental health worries makes it tough to overcome this public fitness disaster. To this give up, Afghanistan desires major worldwide support to control COVID-19.

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Saturday, February 08, 2020

ELECTRONIC RESEARCH

Latest Topics in Electronics and Communication (ECE) for project, research, and thesis

Electronics and Communication is an important field with respect to our daily life. There are a number of good topics in electronics and communication engineering (ECE) for thesis, research, and project. New developments and research are going on in this field. It has made our life, even more, easier and comfortable.
How?
Mobile phones and Communication network have brought the world closer. All thanks to electronics and communication engineers working towards the development of these electrical products. Talking about academics, students are often confused about which topic to choose in electronics and communication for project, thesis or for the seminar. M.Tech students find it even more difficult to choose a good master thesis topics in communication engineering. Even after the choice of the topic is made, students are unable to get proper thesis guidance and thesis assistance in ECE.
So what to do?
Here are some of the latest and best topics in electronics and communication which you can choose for your thesis, projects, and seminars for M.Tech and Ph.D. You can get thesis help in any of these topics from the thesis guidance experts.

Latest Thesis and Research Topics in Electronics and Communication(ECE)

Following is the list of latest topics in Electronics and Communication(ECE) for the project, research and thesis:
  • Bluetooth
  • Fibre Optic Communication
  • Embedded Systems
  • Nanoelectronics
  • VLSI
  • OLED(Organic Light Emitting Diode)
  • Zigbee Technology
  • Human Area Network
  • GPRS
  • HSPA

Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a low-power wireless technology used for exchange of data within a short range. Bluetooth build a Personal Area Network(PAN) for exchange of data between mobile devices. This technology was invented by Ericsson in 1994. Bluetooth is based on radio technology known as frequency-hopping spread spectrum. In this technology, the data is transmitted in the form of packets. It is a very good topic for an M.Tech thesis. Thesis help in this topic can be taken from an expert in this field. Along with this it is also a very good choice for major project in ECE. There are two processes of Bluetooth technology:
  • Basic Rate/Enhanced Data Rate(BR/ED)–It uses point-to-point topology to enable continuous wireless communication between two devices. The common example for this is wireless speakers.
  • Low Energy(LE) – It uses multiple network topologies for communication which include point-to-point, mesh and broadcast. Point-to-point is for one to one device communication. Broadcast is for one to many device communication. Mesh is for many to many device communication.
Many consumers are using this technology worldwide for streaming audio, data exchange and broadcasting information. Bluetooth technology uses a variety of protocols. The Bluetooth protocol stack is divided into two parts: Controller Stack and the host stack.
The controller stack is implemented in low-cost silicon devices that contains Bluetooth radio and a microprocessor. The host stack is implemented on the top of the operating system or as an installable package on the operating system.
Thesis topics in electronics and communication
How Bluetooth technology works?
The Bluetooth network is also known as Personal Area Network or Piconet in which there are 2 to 8 devices. One is the master device that initiates the communication while other are the slaves. The slave devices respond to the action of the master device. The master device governs the transmission between the slave devices. A slave device may begin transmission only in an allotted time slot.
A scatternet is created when a device participates in more than one piconet.
Features of Bluetooth Technology
Following are some of the features of Bluetooth technology:
  • Based on radio technology.
  • Power consumption is less.
  • There are fewer complications.
  • Robust
  • Cheaper
Applications of Bluetooth technology
  • Wireless mobile phone headset.
  • Bluetooth enabled laptops and Pcs.
  • Wireless mouse and keyboard.
  • Data transfer between mobile devices.
Disadvantages of Bluetooth Technology
Along with benefits, there are certain disadvantages of Bluetooth technology. Some of these are:
  • High battery consumption.
  • Security is poor.
  • The data transfer is low.
  • Lower bandwidth.

Fibre Optic Communication

For transmission of large amount of data fibre optic communication is the perfect choice. This type of communication is used to transmit data over long distances over the computer network. This technology converts electronic signals into light signals and the signals are transmitted through the optical fibres. It is a very good choice for your M.Tech thesis project. Thesis help in this topic can be taken from professionals in this topic. Some of the characteristics of this type of communication are:
  • High bandwidth
  • Long distance communication
  • Less electromagnetic interference
  • Transmission Security
How Fibre Optics Communication works?
Unlike other form of communication, in fibre optics, the communication takes place in the form of light signals. The components of fibre optics communication are:
  • Transmitter
  • Receiver
  • Light source
  • Detector
The transmitter receives input in the form of electrical signals which are converted into light signals using a light source like LED and laser. The light signal is transmitted using optic fibre cable to the receiver where it is converted back into electric signals. The receiver consists of a photodetector that measures the frequency of the optic field. The wavelength near to the infrared is used for communication.
Topics in electronics and communication
Photodetector – A photodetector is a device that converts light signals into electric signals. Two types of photodetectors mainly used in fibre optic communication are PN photodiode and avalanche photodiode.
Advantages of fibre optics communication
Some of the advantages of fibre optics communication are:
  • Higher transmission bandwidth
  • Data transmission is higher
  • Low power loss
  • Higher Security
  • Immunity to electromagnetic interference
Disadvantages
  • High installation cost
  • More number of repeaters
  • More maintenance is required

Embedded Systems

Embedded Systems are the type of physical hardware systems with software embedded in that. This system is microprocessor or microcontroller-based and can be independent or can be a part of larger system. This system is specifically designed to perform some tasks. It is a hot topic for thesis, project ad for seminar. If you know little about this topic you can also take thesis guidance for this topic. Following are the three components of embedded systems:
  • Hardware
  • Software
  • Real-Time Operating System
Characteristics of Embedded Systems
The characteristics of the embedded systems are:
  • Single Functionality – Embedded Systems are specifically designed to perform a single task.
  • Tightly Constrained – Embedded Systems are based on constraints like design, cost , size, and power.
  • Reactive – Embedded Systems are reactive in nature i.e. they instantaneously react to any changes in nature.
  • Based on microprocessor – Embedded Systems are microprocessor and microcontroller based.
  • Memory – These systems have ROM(Read Only Memory) embedded in that as there is no need of secondary memory.
  • Connectivity – These systems have peripherals connected to them for input and output.
thesis in ece
What an Embedded System consists of?
The basic structure of an embedded system consists of the following components:
Sensor – To measure the quantity of a system by converting it into electrical signals.
A/D Converter – It is required to convert analog to digital signals.
Processor – It processes the data and stores it into memory.
D/A Converter – It converts digital to analog signals.
Actuator – An actuator compares the output of the D/A converter to the expected output.
Advantages of Embedded Systems
  • These systems can be easily customized.
  • These have low power consumption.
  • The cost is comparatively low.
  • The power is enhanced.
Disadvantages of Embedded Systems
  • High efforts in development
  • Marketing is not easy.

Nanoelectronics

Nanoelectronics is a field that deals with the use of nanotechnology in electrical components. On the other hand, nanotechnology is a branch of engineering that deals with the matter at an atomic and molecular level. Nanoelectronics more or less is based on the transistors. The transistors used here have size lesser than 1000 nanometers. These are so small that there is separate study to understand the inter atomic interactions as well as quantum mechanical properties. These transistors are designed through nanotechnology and are very much different from the traditional transistors.
The work that a nanoelectronic device can do depends upon its size. With increase in volume, the power of the device will increase. The development in this field is in progress as there are some limitations of it when used in real world.
Different approaches to nanotechnology
The different approaches to nanotechnology are:
  • Nanofabrication
  • Nanomaterials Electronics
  • Molecular Electronics
  • Nanoionics
  • Nanophotonics
Nanoelectronics
Applications of Nanoelectronics
Certain development and applications have been made in this field of nanotechnology which are as follows:
  • Nanoradio – These will have nanoprocessors for its working with high speed and performance. Carbon nanotubes are being used in this application.
  • Nanocomputers – Traditional computers will be replaced by nanocomputers for higher performance and speed. Detailed research is being carried out in this field.
  • Medical Diagnostics – Nanoelectronic devices can detect biomolecules and thus will help in medical diagnostics.
  • Energy Production – Research is being conducted to create energy efficient solar cells, galvanic cells and fuel cells.

VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration)

VLSI is a process to create Integrated Circuits(IC) by combining together thousands of transistors on a single chip. Microprocessor is an example of VLSI. Before the development of VLSI, the Integrated Circuits had limited functionality and performance. VLSI gives the ability to add CPU, RAM, ROM and other such functions on a single chip.
Due to this, the electronics industry has recorded a commendable growth.
Topics in ece
Design of VLSI
VLSI maily consists of front-end design and back-end design. Front-end design is the digital design while back-end design is the CMOS(Complememtary metal-oxide semiconductor) library design. The steps followed while designing a VLSI are:
  • Problem Specification – In this step, various parameters are studied like size, cost, performance and functionality.
  • Architecture – In this step, specifications like floating point unit, ALU, RISC/CISC and cache size are studied.
  • Functional Design – The functional unit along with the input and output are defined in this step using a block diagram.
  • Logical Design – The main logic of the system is designed at this step. Other developments in this step include boolean expression, register allocation, control flow and word width.
  • Design of the Circuit – The circuit is designed after the logical design by the use of gates and transistors.
  • Physical Design – The complete layout of the system is designed at this step through geometrical representation.
  • Packaging – The final product is obtained after putting together all the chips into a single printed circuit board.
Advantages of VLSI
The advantages of VLSI are:
  • Size of the circuit is reduced.
  • Cost of the device is reduced.
  • Increase in overall performance and speed.
  • Higher reliability
  • Find its use in almost every field from computers to medicines.

OLED(Organic Light Emitting Diode)

OLED is a type of LED( Light Emitting Diode) with a small change that the component that produces light is made up of a thin layer of organic compounds. This organic semiconductor layer is situated between the two electrodes. It is mainly used for flat panel displays, mobile devices, and smartphones. There are two types of OLEDs :
  • Based on small molecules
  • Using polymers
Working of OLEDs
Organic LED work almost in the same way as traditional LEDs with some changes. In this instead of n-type and p-type semiconductors, organic molecules are used to produce electrons and holes. There are 6 layers of OLED. The top layer is known as the seal while the bottom layer is called the substrate. There are two terminals between the top and the bottom layers – anode(positive terminal) and cathode(negative terminal). In between these terminals, there are the organic layers one is the emissive layer and the other one is the conductive layer.
A voltage is connected to the anode and the cathode. Electricity starts flowing and the cathode starts receiving electrons while the cathode starts losing them. As the electrons are added, the emissive layer starts becoming negatively charged while the conductive layer starts becoming positively charged. The positively charged holes starts jumping towards the emissive layer. When the positive hole meets the negatively charged electron ,a photon is produced which is a particle of light.
masters thesis in communication engineering
Advantages of OLEDs
  • These are superior to LCDs.
  • These are thinner, lighter and flexible.
  • The respond time is faster.
  • They produce true colors with better viewing angle.
Disadvantages of OLEDs
  • These have comparatively less life time than the LCDs.
  • The organic molecules degrade over the time.
  • These are very sensitive to water.

ZigBee Technology

ZigBee is an IEEE 802.15.4 based communication system designed for wireless personal area network. This standard allows the physical and media access control layer(MAC) to handle various devices at a very low-data rate. The main characteristics of this technology is that it is low powered and low cost. It controls and manages application within a range of 10-100 metres. Moreover, it is less expensive than the Bluetooth and Wifi.
Zigbee technology
Architecture of ZigBee
This system consist of the following three devices:
  • ZigBee Coordinator
  • Router
  • End Device
The ZigBee coordinator acts as the bridge and the root of the whole network. It handles and stores the information by performing some data operations. The ZigBee routers are the intermediatory device that allows data to pass to and from other devices. The end device communicates with the parent node. The ZigBee protocol consists of the following 5 layers:
  • Physical Layer – This layer performs the modulation and demodulation operation.
  • MAC Layer – This layer access different networks using CSMA to check for reliable transmission of data.
  • Network Layer – This layer looks after all the operations related to the network.
  • Application Support Sub-Layer – This layer matches two devices according to their services and needs.
  • Application Framework – This layer provides two types of data services. One is the key value pair and the other one is the generic messages service.
ZigBee Operating Modes
There two modes of operation in ZigBee:
  • Non-beacon – In this mode, there is no monitoring of the incoming data by the coordinators and the routers.
  • Beacon – In this mode, the active state of the incoming data is continuously monitored by the coordinators and routers thereby consuming more power.
Applications of ZigBee Technology
ZigBee finds its application in the following fields:
  • Industrial Automation
  • Home Automation
  • Smart Metering
  • Smart Grid Monitoring

Human Area Network

Human Area Network is a wireless network also referred to as RedTacton that uses the human body as a medium for high-speed transmission. It is different from other wireless and infrared technologies in the sense that it uses tiny electric field emitted on the surface of the human body. It is a very good topic under ece thesis topics list. 
The human body forms a transmission path whenever a part of it comes into contact with the RedTacton transceiver. Body surface can be hands, legs, arm, feet or face. It can work through clothes and shoes. Whenever the physical contact between the transceiver and the human body is lost, communication ends.
It has the following three main features:
  • The communication can be triggered by human movements like touching, gripping, walking, sitting, and stepping for obtaining data.
  • The transmission speed is not depleted when many people are communication at the same time as the transmission path is human body surface.
  • Conductors and dielectrics can be used along with the human body.
Human Area Network
Working of Human Area Network
The approach of Human Area Network is different from other networks. It does not use electromagnetic waves or light waves for data transmission. Instead, it uses weak electric signals on the human body for transmission. It works as follows:
  • The RedTacton transmitter generates a weak electric signal on the human body surface.
  • Any changes caused by the transmitter to the electric field is sensed by the RedTacton receiver.
  • RedTacton depends upon the principle that the changes in the weak electric field can cause a change in the optical properties of an electro-optic crystal.
  • These changes are detected using a laser and the result is produced in the form of electrical signals.
RedTacton uses CSMA/CD(Carrier Sense with Multiple Access with Collision Detection) protocols for transmission.

GPRS

GPRS stands for General Packet Radio Services. It is a packet-based service for 2G and 3G mobile communication. It is standardized under European Telecommunications Standards Institute(ETSI). It provides higher data rates for Internet on mobile phones. It is based on GSM(Global System for Mobile) communication and provides additional services on circuit-switched connections and Short Message Service(SMS). It is another popular topic for final year project, thesis, and seminar. 
GPRS has the following main features:
  • It has lesser cost than the circuit-switched services as the communication channels are shared.
  • It provides variable throughput and latency.
  • It provides data rates of 56-114 kbps.
  • It supports IP, PPP, and X.25 packet-based protocol.
GPRS
Services offered by GPRS include:
  • SMS(Short Messaging Service)
  • Internet Access
  • MMS(Multimedia Messaging Service)
  • Push-to-talk service
  • Instant Messaging
  • Point-to-point(P2P) and point-to-multipoint(P2M) services

HSPA

It stands for High-Speed Packet Access. It is a combination of two technologies named HSDPA and HSUPA for uplink and downlink. This provides high-speed data access. It can provide download speed up to 384 kbps. It uses WCDMA protocols and improves the performance of the existing 3G mobile communication. Students looking for ece project ideas can work on this topic. 
Components of HSPA
Following are the two main components of HSPA providing a link between the base station and the user:
  • HSDPA(High-speed Downlink Packet Access) – HSDPA is used to provide support for packet data and a data rate of 14 Mbps. Also, it helps in reducing delays.
  • HSUPA(High-speed Uplink Packet Access) – It also provides data support with improved features along with data rate of 5.74 Mbps. 
HSPA
Benefits of HSPA
There are a number of benefits of HSPA but following are the significant ones:
  • HSPA uses a higher order of modulation for data to be transmitted at a higher rate.
  • It uses a Shorter Transmission Time Interval(TTI) to reduce the round trip time and reduction in latency.
  • It uses a shared channel for transmission which provides a great level of efficiency.
  • To maximize the channel usage, link adaption is used.
  • Fast Node B scheduling is used with adaptive coding and modulation to respond to the constantly varying radio channel and interference.
These were some of the topics in electronics and communication for your project, thesis and for your seminar. Thesis help and thesis guidance can be taken for ece thesis topics from thesis guidance agencies.
Techsparks offer thesis and research help in electronics and communication (ECE). You can contact us on this number 91-7696666022 or email us at techsparks2013@gmail.com for any help in all the latest topics in electronics and communication. You can also fill the query form on the website.



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Sunday, August 11, 2019

PAKISTAN HIV CASE HISTORY




WHO team to investigate HIV outbreak in Larkana

WHO team to investigate HIV outbreak in Larkana: Dr Zafar

The Frontier Post / May 27, 2019
F.P. Report
ISLAMABAD: Minister of State for National Health Services, Regulations and Coordination Dr Zafar Mirza  Sunday said that a 10-member team of World Health Organization’s (WHO) technical and professional expert would visit Pakistan to investigate the outbreak of HIV in affected area of Larkana.
Addressing a press conference, the minister said that after reviewing the situation the federal government contacted the WHO Headquarters and asked their technical and professional support to investigate Larkana HIV outbreak.
He added based on this request, a WHO high level mission was coming to the affected area. He said that the decision to invite international experts was made to exactly reviewing the situation and to ascertain the cause, advise on mitigation measures and ways and means of avoiding future recurrence.
He said that so far 21,375 people had been screened, out of which 681 people had been identified as HIV positive with case detection rate of 3.2%. He added the most striking feature of this outbreak was the fact that children between the ages of 2-5 years were most infected followed by age group 6-15 years.
He said the federal government had assured the Sindh Government for Federal Ministry’s support in provision of HIV test Kits, diagnostics, living support and establishing three more treatment centres at Mirpur Khas, Nawab Shah and Hyderabad.
He said that the Federal Ministry on his advice started communication with various United Nations agencies for a proper follow up and support to this outbreak and accordingly a high-level meeting was convened here with all UN agencies, Civil Society Organizations and Sindh AIDS Control program (SACP) to deliberate upon the outbreak situation in Ratodero and coordinate a joint response.
He said that National AIDS Control Program (NACP) supported the Provincial program in the areas of blood screening and HIV treatment. He added NACP is also providing assistance and support in specialized HIV investigations like CD4 (Lymphocyte) count and viral load testing by providing additional supplies and CD4 machines to Larkana.
Dr Zafar said that the NACP had supported the establishment of a Paediatric ART centre at Larkana by proving all reporting tools and HR (Data entry operator) in addition to the existing HIV treatment centre (adult) at Chandka Medical College Hospital.
He said that NACP technical team was sent to Larkana to coordinate with SACP in outbreak response investigation and management. He added NACP was mobilizing UN Partners included WHO, UINCEF and UNAIDS besides and Global Fund to effectively address and halt the outbreak.
Dr Zafar said he also visited along with Provincial Minister of Health the Regional Blood Centre, which was the main laboratory for supplying safe blood to the hospital of the region.
He added he visited  the Adult ART centre Larkana, where the HIV patients are being provided diagnostic and treatment facilities for the last so many years with the support of National AIDS Control Program.
The minister said he also visited the paediatric ART centre Chandka Medical College newly established soon after this outbreak, with the support of NACP and other partners. Unfortunately the high numbers of Children between the ages of 2-5 years were reported in this outbreak, he added.
Dr Zafar said he visited the HIV Screening camps in Ratodero along with experts’ team, where he remained for a time to see the effected children and their families were screened at various sites.
He assured that the Federal Government under the leadership of Prime Minister Imran Khan is on top of the situation in Rattodero. “We will not relent till we get to the bottom of this outbreak, provide treatment to each affectee and help the Sindh health department put in place a system to avoid such unfortunate occurrences in the future.”
He said that the team of expert while in field started HIV screening on one hand along with SACP and also held counselling sessions with HIV affected communities to ascertain the immediate cause of spread of HIV and to alley the fear and panic spread in the communities.
He said that with time large number of people turned to screening camps to get themselves and their children tested for HIV. The peculiar feature of this outbreak was the identification of very high number of children affected by this disease.
He said that an HIV outbreak was reported, by the local media, in Ratodero Taluka, district Larkana on April 25, 2019 as 15 children with complaints of persistent weight loss and fever, had been tested positive for HIV by a local Physician in Ratodero.
Blood samples of these 15 children were later sent to a referral laboratory of the SACP and as per the report shared by SACP, three of 15 cases were confirmed by Rapid Diagnostic Test on the first day.
On my direction, the NACP immediately responded to a request made by SACP to send a team to join the response and help in providing HIV screening kits. The national program immediately sent 3000 HIV test kits to Ratodero.
Dr Zafar Mirza said that the federal government would stand in support of provincial health departments to meet any challenge anywhere in the country.
He said that several innovative steps were being taken to improve the health system of the country and to ensure provision of best medical services at hospitals.
He said that the government had also reduced the prices of medicines to facilitate the patients and taking measures to ensure availability of all medicines in the markets.
The minister assured that the price increase in some medicines would gradually be decreased.
He said that the ministry was working efficiently in line with the vision of Prime Minister Imran Khan to streamline and improve the health care delivery system.
He added Prime Minster Imran Khan was going to make a major announcement related with the health sector in coming days.
He said that the Prime Minister after paying surprise visit to DHQ hospital in Sargodha and inspecting different wards of the hospital, decided to bring reforms in the health sector.
He said that following the directions of the PM Imran Khan, the government would improve the standard of the public hospitals in order to satisfy the patients.
He said that the Global Fund would support the health sector to fight epidemics, HIV/AIDS, TB and Malaria diseases to attain Sustainable Development Goals.

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Pakistan is going to launch two new Electric Vehicles.

  The all-electric powered business transport marketplace witnessed a brand new entrant the day gone by as Sitara Group, in partnership with...